CT Angiography is one of the best non-invasive anatomical imaging tools available. It can accurately depict even the smaller arteries in the foot. Prior to a revascularization procedure, it is critical to understand as much as possible about the patient's anatomy and location of blockages. These 3 images from a 3D reconstruction demonstrate the normal arterial anatomy of the foot.
Valves are one of the key components of normal venous function. There are valves throughout the veins in the body.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and its more severe variant critical limb ischemia (CLI) can be notoriously difficult to diagnose.
Ulcers (wounds) involving the feet and toes are most commonly seen in diabetic patients and are commonly called diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).