Internal iliac artery aneurysms are rare. In most instances, they do not cause symptoms unless they rupture. Mortality after rupture is about 50%. Aneurysm under 25-30mm in size can be watched with serial imaging - typically CT. Aneurysms > 25-30mm should be treated to avoid rupture. Endovascular repair is preferred to open surgery as it is safer, faster and effective.
Nutcracker syndrome is one of the causes of secondary pelvic congestion syndrome.
38 year old female with severe post thrombotic syndrome and severe venous ulceration for 8 years
Robotic lymph node dissection for prostrate cancer staging with severe leg swelling after