Internal iliac artery aneurysms are rare. In most instances, they do not cause symptoms unless they rupture. Mortality after rupture is about 50%. Aneurysm under 25-30mm in size can be watched with serial imaging - typically CT. Aneurysms > 25-30mm should be treated to avoid rupture. Endovascular repair is preferred to open surgery as it is safer, faster and effective.
Painful varicoceles interfering with high school athletics
65 year old cyclist with extensive superficial and deep venous incompetence and venous ulceration
22 year old with severe post thrombotic syndrome 6 months after left leg deep venous thrombosis (DVT).