Internal iliac artery aneurysms are rare. In most instances, they do not cause symptoms unless they rupture. Mortality after rupture is about 50%. Aneurysm under 25-30mm in size can be watched with serial imaging - typically CT. Aneurysms > 25-30mm should be treated to avoid rupture. Endovascular repair is preferred to open surgery as it is safer, faster and effective.
The tip of a hydrophilic wire was fractured and subsequently retrieved during the crossing of a distal anterior tibial artery near occlusion
46 year old male, type 1 diabetes, with ulcers on several toes. Patient had palpable pulses at the ankle.
79 year old female with non healing ulcers. Occlusion of all three arteries in the calf.