Traditionally, gonadal vein embolization is done by placing coils 10-20% over sized compared to the target vein. Often 10 or more coils are required to treat a single vein. Each coil only treats a short segment of vein leaving other segments open. The "uncoil coil" technique utilizes large diameter longer coils allowing a gonadal vein to be treated with 2-3 coils. The procedure is faster, exposes the patient to less radiation and reduces the risk of maldeployment and migration.
Endovascular therapy of external iliac and common femoral artery occlusion with 31 month follow up
94 year old female, worsening right toe and foot pain. Seen by primary care and diagnosed as having gout.
Nutcracker syndrome is one of the causes of secondary pelvic congestion syndrome.